Ayane - Dakshinayane (Aadito Marghazi) or Uttarayane (Thai to Aani). Nama Samvatsare - the name ofthe year in the 60 year Hindu calendar. India was known as Jambudveepa Bharata Varshe, Bharata Kande -in the land of Bharat Sakhabde Mero, Dakshine Parsve -to the South of the Meru mountain Asmin Varthamane Vyavaharike -in the current period now reigning Prabhavadi Shasti Samvatsaranam Madya - among the cycle of 60 years starting from Prabhava. Prathame Padhe - in the firstquarter of this yuga Jamboodveepe - this denotes theplace where the ritual is performed. Dviteeya parardhe - in the 2nd half of Brhama's life Svetavaraha kalpe - in the kalpaof Sveta-Varaha Vaivaswatha manvantare - in thereining period of the current manu Vaivaswatha Ashta Vimsati manavantara These terminologies makes better sense in relation to the Sankalpa. He is called so as he has completed one half of his tenure. That is why he is called "Parardha-dvaya-jivin"(ie) he lives for two parardhas. As per our Cosmology, Brahma is supposed to have completed 50 Brahma years and is in his51st year. In this manvantara we are in the 28th mahayuga. And there are much longer timescales still." We are presently in the Sveta-Varaha kalpa in the reigning period of Vaivaswatha - the 7th manu. Longer than the age of the Earth or the Sun and about half the time since the Big Bang. Its cycles run from our ordinary day and night to a day and night of Brahma, 8.64 billion years long. It is the only religion in which the time scales correspond, to those of modern scientific cosmology. Carl Sagan, the noted scientist says in relation to this, ""The Hindu religion is the only one of the world's great faiths dedicated to the idea that the Cosmos itself undergoes an immense, indeed an infinite, number of deaths and rebirths. Doing this simple calculation gives the age of the cosmos to be 311 trillion years. 360 Brahma days constitute a Brahma year while 360 years represent the lifetime of Brahma which is the life of the cosmos. Night of Brahma together constitutes one Brahma day (8.64 billion years).
There is an equivalent night-time of 4,320,000,000 years. The reigning period of a manu is one manvantara which is 71.42 mahayugas. The kalpa is ruled by 14 manus in succession. 1000 such mahayugas comprise a day-time of Brahma also known as a Kalpa. 1 Mahayuga = Sum of 4 Yugas(Krita, Treta, Dwapara and Kali) = 4,320,000 years. Firstly, we need to know the Hindu Cosmic cycle. We are always curious to know the meaning of the Sankalpam that we take before the start of a pooja or a ritual.
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